簡介

本頁面提供了有關 Rodger Novak 已知的內部交易歷史的全面分析。內部人士包括公司的高管、董事或重要投資者。一般而言,基於內幕、非公開信息進行交易是非法的。這並不意味著他們在自己的公司進行任何交易都是非法的。但是,他們必須透過Form 4向美國證券交易委員會(SEC)報告所有交易。盡管存在這些限制,學術研究表明,內部人士 - 整體而言 - 在自己公司中的投資表現往往優於市場。

平均交易盈利能力

「平均交易盈利能力」衡量了內部人士在過去三年中所有非計劃性的公開市場購買交易的平均回報率。計算過程包括檢查每筆交易,排除了作為10b5-1交易計劃的一部分的交易。然後,對每筆交易在3、6和12個月的表現進行平均,以生成該筆交易最終的表現指標。最終,將所有交易的表現指標進行平均,計算出內部人士的總體平均表現指標。列表僅包含在過去兩年中進行過至少三筆交易的內部人士。

如果內部人士的交易盈利能力顯示為"N/A",則可能是因為該內部人士在過去三年內沒有進行任何公開市場購買交易,或者他們進行的交易距離現在太近,無法計算出可靠的表現指標。

更新頻率:每日

查看收益最高的的內幕交易者列表。

報告內部持倉的公司

SEC文件顯示Rodger Novak已報告在以下公司擁有持倉或進行了交易:

證券 職位 最新報告的持倉
US:CRSP / CRISPR Therapeutics AG President, Director 573,007
如何解讀這些圖表

以下圖表顯示了在Rodger Novak進行的每筆公開市場非計劃交易後證券的股價表現。非計劃交易是指沒有作為10b5-1交易計劃的一部分而進行的交易。股價表現以累積百分比變化的方式繪製。例如,如果一筆內部人士交易是在2019年1月1日進行的,該圖表將顯示該證券的每日百分比變化直至當前日期。如果在此期間股價從10美元漲至15美元,則股價的累積百分比變化將為50%。從10美元漲至20美元的價格變化將為100%,而從10美元跌至5美元的價格變化將為-50%。

最終,我們將評估內部人士的交易與股價的超額回報(正向或負向)之間的相關性,以判斷內部人士是否在交易中利用內部信息獲利。如果內部人士有這樣的行為,我們預期看到(a)購買後的正回報,或者(b)賣出後的負回報。對於情況(a),購買圖表將顯示一系列向上傾斜的曲線,表示每次購買後都有正回報。對於情況(b),賣出圖表將顯示一系列向下傾斜的曲線,表示每次賣出後都有負回報。

然而,僅憑這一點還不足以得出結論。例如,如果公司的股價在多年內呈現非周期性上升,我們會預期所有購買後的圖表都呈現向上傾斜。同樣地,多年來呈現非周期性下降的股價會導致賣出後的圖表也呈現向下傾斜。這兩種情況的圖表都不能表示內部人士在進行內幕交易。

最有力的指標是在公司股價呈極度循環波動的情況下,「購買」圖表顯示正向信號,而「賣出」圖表顯示負向趨勢。這種情況強烈暗示內部人士可能根據內幕信息精確地計時進行交易,以獲得財務優勢。

歷史內部人交易

該表格顯示了由 Rodger Novak 進行的所有內幕交易的完整列表,這些交易已向美國證券交易委員會(SEC)披露。

呈報日期 交易日期 表格 證券代碼 證券 代碼 10b5-1 股份 剩餘股份 %
變化
每股
股價
交易
金額
剩餘
金額
2021-07-01 2021-06-30 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -25,000 573,007 -4.18 165.00 -4,125,000 94,546,155
2021-06-30 2021-06-28 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -25,000 598,007 -4.01 156.55 -3,913,750 93,617,996
2021-06-23 2021-06-21 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -50 623,007 -0.01 130.27 -6,514 81,159,122
2021-06-23 2021-06-21 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -7,299 623,057 -1.16 129.46 -944,929 80,660,959
2021-06-23 2021-06-21 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -12,630 630,356 -1.96 128.76 -1,626,239 81,164,639
2021-06-23 2021-06-21 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -2,969 642,986 -0.46 127.71 -379,171 82,115,742
2021-06-23 2021-06-21 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -881 645,955 -0.14 126.62 -111,552 81,790,822
2021-06-23 2021-06-21 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -1,171 646,836 -0.18 125.58 -147,054 81,229,665
2020-12-02 2020-11-30 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Option (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -50,000 140,315 -26.27
2020-12-02 2020-11-30 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Option (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -50,000 140,315 -26.27
2020-12-02 2020-11-30 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -50,000 648,007 -7.16 125.00 -6,250,000 81,000,875
2020-12-02 2020-11-30 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -50,000 648,007 -7.16 125.00 -6,250,000 81,000,875
2020-12-02 2020-11-30 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 50,000 698,007 7.72 14.43 721,500 10,072,241
2020-12-02 2020-11-30 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 50,000 698,007 7.72 14.00 700,000 9,772,098
2020-10-13 2020-10-09 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Option (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -2,762 190,315 -1.43
2020-10-13 2020-10-09 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -2,762 648,007 -0.42 100.00 -276,200 64,800,700
2020-10-13 2020-10-09 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 2,762 650,769 0.43 14.43 39,856 9,390,597
2020-10-13 2020-10-08 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Option (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -22,238 193,077 -10.33
2020-10-13 2020-10-08 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -22,238 648,007 -3.32 100.00 -2,223,800 64,800,700
2020-10-13 2020-10-08 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 22,238 670,245 3.43 14.43 320,894 9,671,635
2020-09-03 2020-09-01 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Option (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -21,067 215,315 -8.91
2020-09-03 2020-09-01 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Option (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -3,933 111,893 -3.40
2020-09-03 2020-09-01 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -3,840 648,007 -0.59 93.19 -357,850 60,387,772
2020-09-03 2020-09-01 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -19,754 651,847 -2.94 92.59 -1,829,023 60,354,514
2020-09-03 2020-09-01 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -1,406 671,601 -0.21 91.54 -128,705 61,478,356
2020-09-03 2020-09-01 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 21,067 673,007 3.23 14.43 303,997 9,711,491
2020-09-03 2020-09-01 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 3,933 651,940 0.61 14.00 55,062 9,127,160
2020-08-21 2020-08-19 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Option (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -25,000 115,826 -17.75
2020-08-21 2020-08-19 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -25,000 648,007 -3.71 100.00 -2,500,000 64,800,700
2020-08-21 2020-08-19 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 25,000 673,007 3.86 14.00 350,000 9,422,098
2020-07-09 2020-07-07 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Option (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -19,414 140,826 -12.12
2020-07-09 2020-07-07 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Option (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -5,586 0 -100.00
2020-07-09 2020-07-07 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -25,000 648,007 -3.71 90.00 -2,250,000 58,320,630
2020-07-09 2020-07-07 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 19,414 673,007 2.97 14.00 271,796 9,422,098
2020-07-09 2020-07-07 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 5,586 653,593 0.86 1.81 10,111 1,183,003
2020-07-06 2020-07-01 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -50,000 648,007 -7.16 80.00 -4,000,000 51,840,560
2020-06-25 2020-06-23 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -50,000 698,007 -6.68 75.00 -3,750,000 52,350,525
2020-05-27 2020-05-26 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -36,616 748,007 -4.67 70.27 -2,573,006 52,562,452
2020-05-27 2020-05-22 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -13,384 784,623 -1.68 70.01 -937,014 54,931,456
2020-05-21 2020-05-19 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -50,000 798,007 -5.90 65.00 -3,250,000 51,870,455
2019-11-21 2019-11-19 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Option (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -33,618 236,382 -12.45
2019-11-21 2019-11-19 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -33,618 0 -100.00 70.00 -2,353,260
2019-11-21 2019-11-19 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 33,618 33,618 14.43 485,108 485,108
2019-07-12 2019-07-10 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -50,000 848,007 -5.57 50.00 -2,500,065 42,401,452
2019-06-12 2019-06-10 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -50,000 898,007 -5.27 45.00 -2,250,000 40,410,315
2019-03-05 2019-03-04 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -3,500 948,007 -0.37 42.03 -147,105 39,844,734
2019-03-05 2019-03-04 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -8,912 951,507 -0.93 41.29 -367,949 39,284,774
2019-03-05 2019-03-04 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -64,115 960,419 -6.26 40.24 -2,580,186 38,650,238
2019-03-05 2019-03-01 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -8,693 1,024,534 -0.84 40.01 -347,796 40,990,376
2019-02-27 2019-02-25 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -14,780 1,033,227 -1.41 40.00 -591,233 41,331,353
2019-01-10 2019-01-09 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -82,690 1,048,007 -7.31 35.01 -2,894,977 36,690,725
2019-01-10 2019-01-08 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -17,310 1,130,697 -1.51 35.09 -607,408 39,676,158
2018-05-21 2018-05-17 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Option (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -39,760 160,240 -19.88
2018-05-21 2018-05-17 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Option (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -35,240 5,586 -86.32
2018-05-21 2018-05-17 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -75,000 1,148,007 -6.13 60.00 -4,500,000 68,880,420
2018-05-21 2018-05-17 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 39,760 1,223,007 3.36 14.00 556,640 17,122,098
2018-05-21 2018-05-17 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 35,240 1,183,247 3.07 1.81 63,784 2,141,677
2017-09-05 2017-09-05 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -3,853 40,826 -8.62
2017-09-05 2017-09-05 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -3,853 1,148,007 -0.33 20.33 -78,320 23,335,653
2017-09-05 2017-09-05 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 3,853 1,151,860 0.34 1.81 6,974 2,084,867
2017-09-05 2017-08-31 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -14,617 1,148,007 -1.26 20.87 -305,073 23,960,169
2017-08-30 2017-08-30 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -5,722 44,679 -11.35
2017-08-30 2017-08-30 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -58,103 1,162,624 -4.76 20.31 -1,179,950 23,610,452
2017-08-30 2017-08-30 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 5,722 1,220,727 0.47 1.81 10,357 2,209,516
2017-08-30 2017-08-28 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -17,692 50,401 -25.98
2017-08-30 2017-08-28 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -17,692 1,215,005 -1.44 20.06 -354,919 24,374,215
2017-08-30 2017-08-28 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 17,692 1,232,697 1.46 1.81 32,023 2,231,182
2017-06-23 2017-06-22 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -10,825 68,093 -13.72
2017-06-23 2017-06-22 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -10,825 1,215,005 -0.88 15.37 -166,388 18,675,477
2017-06-23 2017-06-22 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 10,825 1,225,830 0.89 1.81 19,593 2,218,752
2017-06-21 2017-06-21 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -11,578 78,918 -12.79
2017-06-21 2017-06-21 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -11,578 1,215,005 -0.94 15.02 -173,846 18,243,543
2017-06-21 2017-06-21 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 11,578 1,266,583 0.92 1.81 20,956 2,292,515
2017-06-21 2017-06-20 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -3,252 90,496 -3.47
2017-06-21 2017-06-20 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -3,252 1,215,005 -0.27 15.00 -48,785 18,226,898
2017-06-21 2017-06-20 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 3,252 1,218,257 0.27 1.81 5,886 2,205,045
2017-06-21 2017-06-19 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -15,392 93,748 -14.10
2017-06-21 2017-06-19 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -15,392 1,215,005 -1.25 15.00 -230,880 18,225,075
2017-06-21 2017-06-19 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 15,392 1,230,397 1.27 1.81 27,860 2,227,019
2017-06-19 2017-06-15 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
A - Award 270,000 270,000
2017-06-12 2017-06-09 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -1,100 109,140 -1.00
2017-06-12 2017-06-09 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -1,100 1,215,005 -0.09 15.08 -16,583 18,316,808
2017-06-12 2017-06-09 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 1,100 1,216,105 0.09 1.81 1,991 2,201,150
2017-06-12 2017-06-08 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -4,203 110,240 -3.67
2017-06-12 2017-06-08 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -4,203 1,215,005 -0.34 15.00 -63,045 18,225,075
2017-06-12 2017-06-08 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 4,203 1,219,208 0.35 1.81 7,607 2,206,766
2017-06-01 2017-05-30 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -3,650 114,443 -3.09
2017-06-01 2017-05-30 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -3,650 1,215,005 -0.30 15.02 -54,829 18,251,319
2017-06-01 2017-05-30 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 3,650 1,218,655 0.30 1.81 6,606 2,205,766
2017-05-18 2017-05-17 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -25,923 118,093 -18.00
2017-05-18 2017-05-17 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -25,923 1,215,005 -2.09 16.03 -415,577 19,477,988
2017-05-18 2017-05-17 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 25,923 1,240,928 2.13 1.81 46,921 2,246,080
2017-05-18 2017-05-16 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -24,077 144,016 -14.32
2017-05-18 2017-05-16 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -24,077 1,215,005 -1.94 16.50 -397,283 20,048,190
2017-05-18 2017-05-16 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 24,077 1,239,082 1.98 1.81 43,579 2,242,738
2017-05-09 2017-05-05 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -616 168,093 -0.37
2017-05-09 2017-05-05 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -616 1,215,005 -0.05 16.92 -10,426 20,563,717
2017-05-09 2017-05-05 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 616 1,215,621 0.05 1.81 1,115 2,200,274
2017-05-04 2017-05-04 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -13,191 168,709 -7.25
2017-05-04 2017-05-04 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -13,191 1,215,005 -1.07 16.37 -215,960 19,891,819
2017-05-04 2017-05-04 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 13,191 1,229,196 1.08 1.81 23,876 2,224,845
2017-05-04 2017-05-03 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -20,269 181,900 -10.03
2017-05-04 2017-05-03 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -1,022 1,215,005 -0.08 16.64 -17,003 20,213,552
2017-05-04 2017-05-03 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -19,247 1,216,027 -1.56 16.05 -308,984 19,521,611
2017-05-04 2017-05-03 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 20,269 1,235,274 1.67 1.81 36,687 2,235,846
2017-05-04 2017-05-02 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -50,000 202,169 -19.83
2017-05-04 2017-05-02 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -15,924 1,215,005 -1.29 16.53 -263,236 20,085,005
2017-05-04 2017-05-02 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 15,924 1,230,929 1.31 1.81 28,822 2,227,981
2017-04-21 2017-04-20 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -2,294 218,093 -1.04
2017-04-21 2017-04-20 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -2,294 1,215,005 -0.19 17.37 -39,852 21,107,310
2017-04-21 2017-04-20 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 2,294 1,217,299 0.19 1.81 4,152 2,203,311
2017-04-21 2017-04-19 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Options (Right to Buy)
M - Exercise -47,706 220,387 -17.79
2017-04-21 2017-04-19 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -15,368 1,215,005 -1.25 18.61 -285,988 22,610,393
2017-04-21 2017-04-19 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
S - Sale X -32,338 1,230,373 -2.56 17.57 -568,078 21,613,839
2017-04-21 2017-04-19 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
M - Exercise 47,706 1,262,711 3.93 1.81 86,348 2,285,507
2016-10-20 2016-10-18 4 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Stock Option (Right to Buy)
A - Award 200,000 200,000
2016-10-18 3 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
2,430,010
2016-10-18 3 CRSP CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Common Shares
2,430,010
P
非衍生或衍生證券的公開市場或私下買入
S
非衍生或衍生證券的公開市場或私下賣出
A
公司向內部人員授予、獎勵或以其他方式獲取證券(例如股票期權)
C
衍生工具轉換
D
將證券賣出或轉讓回公司
F
使用從公司收到的證券的一部分來支付行使價或稅務負擔。
G
內部人士贈送或接收他人贈送公司股票
K
股權掉期和類似的避險交易
M
行使或轉換從公司獲得的衍生證券(例如期權)
V
內部人士透過Form 4自願報告的一筆交易
J
其他(附有交易描述的腳註)